Despite a consistent body of research on the neuroactive effects of reproductive hormones and the growing attention given to menstrual cycle studies, it is difficult to draw general
conclusions about the menstrual cycle’s impact on the brain and behavior. This is partially due to the lack of systematic methodology, consistent experimental design across studies, and large inter- and intra-individual variability in hormonal patterns. In this Methods Hour, we will delve into the challenges of researching the human menstrual cycle and look closely at hormonal suppression (i.e., oral contraceptives) research. Is the menstrual cycle different from other contextual factors (internal and external) that shape the human brain? Is there a correct way of measuring it? How do the biomedical and social sciences benefit from studying reproductive hormones?